What best management practice will help prevent contamination of surface water and groundwater by pesticides?

Following Integrated Pest Management (IPM) principles is a best management practice that significantly contributes to the prevention of surface water and groundwater contamination by pesticides. IPM emphasizes a holistic approach to pest control that combines various methods, including biological control, habitat manipulation, and cultural practices, alongside judicious pesticide use. By prioritizing the understanding of pest life cycles, environmental conditions, and non-chemical controls, IPM minimizes reliance on pesticides and encourages the use of targeted applications only when necessary.

This proactive strategy not only reduces the volume and frequency of pesticide applications but also promotes practices that decrease runoff, leaching, and other pathways that can lead to contamination. Overall, the adoption of IPM principles leads to healthier ecosystems and safer water sources, making it a key element in sustainable agricultural practices.

Utilizing any pesticides available on the market does not ensure responsible use or safety; instead, it can lead to unnecessary risks of contamination. Limiting pesticide use to rainy seasons may actually increase the chances of runoff, as heavy rainfall can wash pesticides into nearby water sources. Similarly, applying pesticides at night, while it may reduce the likelihood of evaporation or non-target exposure during the day, does not directly address the risk of contamination to water sources. Hence, IPM stands out